A Star Plot is a geographical method of displaying varying types of data in 2-D. They are represented on axes starting from the same point. It contains a sequence of equi-angular spokes called radii, with each spoke representing one of the variables. Star plots are helpful for small to moderate sized multivariate data sets.
A similarity matrix is a matrix of scores which express the similarity between two data points. They are used in sequence alignment: higher scores are given to more similar characters, and lower or negative scores are given for dissimilar characters.
Box plots can be drawn either horizontally or vertically.
A Histogram is a graphical display of tabulated frequencies, shown as bars. It shows what proportion of cases fall into each of several categories: it is a form of data binning. The categories are usually specified as non-overlapping intervals of some variable. The categories (bars) must be adjacent. The intervals (or bands, or bin) are generally of the same size.
A wind rose is a graphic tool used by meteorologists to give a succinct view of how wind speed and direction are typically distributed at a particular location. Presented in a circular format, the wind rose shows the frequency of winds blowing from particular directions. The length of each "spoke" around the circle is related to the frequency that the wind blows from a particular direction per unit time. Each concentric circle represents a different frequency, emanating from zero at the center to increasing frequencies at the outer circles.
A climograph is a graphical depiction of the monthly precipitation and temperature conditions for a selected place. Precipitation is shown by the bar graph. A line graph depicts temperature.
A population profile can be defined as a chart showing the number of people as a function of their ages for any given location. The above population profile illustrates the breakdown of population by age in the US for the years 1970, 1980 and 1990. 
A Lorenz Curve is a graph showing the proportion of the distribution assumed by the bottom y-values. It can be used to represent income distribution among many other things. The % of households is plotted on the x-axis, and the % of income on the y-axis. This one was developed in 1905 by Max O. Lorenz in 1905 to represent inequality of the distribution of wealth.
Bilateral graphs depict increases and decreases on either side of a zero line. They are used to display data of both positive and negative values. A bi-lateral graph is a visualization map. Two related variables are identified as well as their overlaps. This bilateral graph shows three different variables and there values in terms of number of persons. 
The unclassed choropleth map shows shadings proportional to the data values so that the choropleth do not have to classify the data. This method of mapping has been generally accepted because cartographers claim that they loose the ability to direct the message of communication. This Unclassed Choropleth represents different populations within Parrish's in France. The darker the shade the larger the population. There are no set ranges between shades on this type of map.
The classed chloropleth map's main objective is to determine height and shading or color intensity of the bar for each map classed. This would involve creating a classed frequency legend which includes a frequency histogram and a frequency curve and shading. This Classed Chloropleth shows the change in divorce rates between 1980-1990 in 48 States. The ranges in shades is in between set numerical increments.
A DRG digital raster graphic, is a scanned and georectofied image of the paper version of the U.S. Geological Survey topographic maps. 
An isopleth is also known as a contour line. Shown above is an illustration of the construction of a map, beginning with various values and ending with lines and shadings connecting those points of equal value. They are used for mapping surface elevations, amounts of precipitation, atmospheric pressure and other measurements that can be viewed statistically as a third dimension.
An isopach map illustrates the variation of thickness within a tabular unit. They are contour lines of equal thickness over an area. They are used in stratigraphy, volcanology, etc They are used to assist geologists.
Isotachs are lines of equal wind speed drawn on weather maps. They are helpful in finding specific wind patterns. This map shows wind variations. They are seen often in conjunction with isobars.
Isobars are lines of equal atmospheric pressure drawn on a meteorological map. Each line passes through a pressure of a given value, provided certain rules are followed. They are used to define cyclones and high pressure regions.
Doppler radar is radar that uses the doppler effect to produce data about objects at a distance. They are used in air defense, air traffic control, sounding satellites, police speed guns and radiology. Doppler radar uses a well-known effect of light called the Doppler shift. The above map depicts a hurricane along the Florida Coastline.
Infrared film is sensitive to infrared light. It is used to document changes in the environment and track various applications. Most cameras can be used for infrared aerial photos. Listed above is an outline of an approach that defines visualizations operations or basic visual actions that implement a viewer's task of exploration and characterization of geo-spacial structures in data or phenomena. It uses infrared to show desired areas. 
Catographic animation has become a useful technique for representing geographical areas. They are capable of showing relations between geospatial data's components, location, attribute and time. The goal of a catographic animation is to be able to visualize something that would not be seen if the maps were looked at individually. Cartographic animation has emerged as being potentially effective in the world of maps. 
Statistical maps are used to display the distribution of some variable over a specified geographic area, usually defined by political boundaries. In these maps, each unit is represented by a shading technique or coloring that represents a value. Listed above is an example illustrating the distribution of the Internet.
